Researchers Daniel Webster of Johns Hopkins and Joseph Richardson of the University of Maryland found Washington, D.C., Violence Interruption Initiative zones had significantly higher firearm homicide rates than matched untreated hexagons, while Cure the Streets zones showed somewhat elevated rates that were not statistically significant. They split the city into about 1,500 equal hexagons, tagged community violence interruption status, and compared them with synthetic controls. One neighborhood comparison showed roughly one extra firearm homicide a year where a program operated.