The Crime Prevention Research Center reported that armed civilians stopped 225 of 615 identified active-shooter attacks from 2014 to 2025, or 36.6 percent. The FBI listed 408 incidents in that period and credited armed citizens with stopping 16, or 3.9 percent, while the center’s share reached 42.5 percent in the most recent five years.

CPRC left out 35 other cases in which armed civilians stopped attackers before any shots were fired. The group said the FBI missed 51 incidents in which armed civilians likely stopped a mass public shooting and missed 156 other active-shooting incidents. CPRC President John Lott laid out the comparison in a National Review article on October 23.