Climate Central estimated about 2,000 shootings from 2021 to 2025 in the hundred U.S. cities hardest hit by gun violence came from high temperatures climate change made more probable, and Philadelphia Independence Day heat had double likelihood from warming. Kristina Dahl told The Trace climate change raises gun-violence risk without sharp global emission cuts, while John Roman of NORC at the University of Chicago noted heat long tracks crime and Council on Criminal Justice scholars named pandemic recovery and focused deterrence as carry-permit, castle-doctrine, Heller, and Bruen expansions of gun rights accompanied falling violence.