Armed citizens stopped multi-victim attacks in Bend, Oregon and Twin Falls, Idaho. A conservative review of Crime Prevention Research Center records found 12 to 14 civilian stops in 2025 after excluding one-on-one defenses and unclear or failed outcomes versus the listed 23, matching 2020-2024 levels. A volunteer ended a White Settlement Texas church shotgun attack before high casualties while three died at Greenwood Park Mall before an armed civilian intervened, occurring about once a month.