On October 21 the Fifth Circuit received an amicus brief in United States v. Cordova challenging the federal lifetime firearms ban for felons including nonviolent offenders after en banc rehearing vacated a panel ruling. National Rifle Association and Second Amendment Foundation, supporting neither party, urged limiting permanent disarmament to those with a violent proclivity or threat to government, noting militia laws required arms without nonviolent-conviction exemptions. They said capital-punishment history does not support lifelong disarmament after sentences and would treat the Second Amendment as inferior to other Bill of Rights guarantees.